Celies Rise Above Oppression essays

Celies Rise Above Oppression essays From the year 1910 to the year 1945 the United States had undergone some of the most significant hardships. Within this time, the Great Depression took place leaving many people unemployed and many people left without food or proper necessities. There was also World War I, and the influx of foreign peoples to the United States. In the south, the major problem was racial tension. Although there was an emersion of African American culture, there were also serious problems such as segregation, the development of the Ku Klux Klan, and the invention of the Jim Crow laws. Another issue facing this time was sexism. Most of society believed that a wife was owned by her husband and she must obey and follow his rules. 1910 to 1945 were also the years in which The Color Purple, by Alice Walker took place. Celie, the main character, is an African American woman with great wealth, but of little importance due to the color of her skin. However, in this novel the racial and sexual hardship s the oppressed (Celie) faces only makes her stronger. The way Celie was treated as a child is a prime example of sexism. Her father had raped her several times infesting her with an incestual pregnancy. He did this as her mother was dying. This shows how the father saw women as an object, rather than human beings with a right to live, and live healthily. If this had happened this day and age I am sure that it would not have gone unnoticed. Consequences of such a disgusting crime would be harsh. As if this was not bad enough, her father gave her to Albert without any consent of Celie herself. He claimed that he would not give up Nettie, and that he better take Celie because she knows how to cook, clean, and take care of children. Albert therefore takes Celie without any wish of love, but with the prime consideration that she would be his property willing to take care of his land and children. This is absolute sexism. Throughout the novel it ...

5 Superstar Female Sociologists You Should Know

5 Superstar Female Sociologists You Should Know There are many female sociologists who do important work around the world, on topics ranging from the achievement gap, to global consumption patterns, to gender and sexuality. Read on to learn more about 5 superstar female sociologists. Juliet Schor Dr.  Juliet Schor  is arguably the foremost scholar of the sociology of consumption, and a leading public intellectual who was awarded the 2014 American Sociological Associations prize for advancing the public understanding of sociology.  Professor of Sociology at Boston College, she  is the author of five books, and co-author and  editor of numerous others, has  published a multitude  of journal articles, and has been cited several thousand times by other scholars. Her research focuses on consumer culture, particularly the work-spend cycle- our tendency to spend more and more, on things that we don’t need and that won’t necessarily make us happier. The work-spend cycle was the focus of  her  research-rich, popular companion hits  The Overspent American  and  The Overworked American. Recently, her research has focused on  ethical and sustainable approaches to consumption in the context of a failing economy and a  planet on the brink. Her 2011 book  True Wealth: How and Why Millions of Americans Are Creating a Time-Rich, Ecologically-Light, Small-Scale, High-Satisfaction Economy makes the case for shifting out of the work-spend cycle by diversifying our personal income sources, placing more value on our time, being more mindful of the impacts of our consumption, consuming differently, and reinvesting in the social fabric of our communities.  Her current research into collaborative consumption and the new sharing economy is a part of the MacArthur Foundations Connected Learning Initiative. Gilda Ochoa Dr.  Gilda Ochoa  is  Professor of Chicana/o and Latina/o Studies at Pomona College. Her cutting edge approach to teaching and research has her regularly leading teams of college students in community-based research that addresses problems of  systemic racism, particularly those related to education,  and community-driven responses to it  in the greater Los Angeles area. She  is the author of the 2013 hit book,  Academic Profiling: Latinos, Asian Americans and the Achievement Gap. In this book, Ochoa thoroughly examines the root causes of the achievement gap between Latino and Asian American students in California. Through ethnographic research at one Southern California high school and hundreds of interviews with  students, teachers, and parents, Ochoa reveals troubling disparities in opportunity, status, treatment, and assumptions experienced by students. This important work debunks racial and cultural explanations for the achievement gap.   Following its publication, the book  received two important awards: the American Sociological Associations  Oliver Cromwell Cox Book Award for Anti-Racist Scholarship, and the Eduardo Bonilla-Silva Outstanding Book  Award from  the Society for the Study of Social Problems. She is the author of numerous academic journal articles and  two  other  books- Learning from Latino Teachers  and  Becoming Neighbors in a Mexican-American  Community: Power, Conflict, and Solidarity- and co-editor, with her brother Enrique, of Latino Los Angeles: Transformations, Communities, and Activism.  To learn more about Ochoa, you can read her fascinating interview about her book Academic Profiling, her intellectual development, and her research motivations. Lisa Wade Dr. Lisa Wade is a preeminent public sociologist in today’s media landscape. Associate Professor of Sociology at Occidental College, she rose to prominence as co-founder and contributor to the widely read blog Sociological Images. She is a regular contributor to national publications and blogs including  Salon, The Huffington Post, Business Insider, Slate, Politico, The Los Angeles Times, and Jezebel, among others. Wade  is an expert in gender and sexuality whose research and writing now focuses on hookup culture and sexual assault on college campuses, the social significance of the body, and U.S. discourse about genital mutilation. Her research has illuminated the intense sexual objectification that women experience and how this results in unequal treatment, sexual inequality (like the orgasm gap),  violence against women, and the socio-structural problem of gender inequality.  Wade has written or co-written over a dozen academic journal articles, numerous popular essays, and has frequently been a media guest on radio and television. In 2017, her book American Hookup was published, which examines hookup culture on college campuses. With Myra Marx Ferree, she  has co-authored a textbook on the sociology of gender. Jenny Chan Dr. Jenny Chan  is a  groundbreaking researcher whose work, which  focuses on issues of labor and working class identity in iPhone factories in China, sits at the intersection of the sociology of globalization and the sociology of work. By gaining hard-to-come-by access to Foxconn factories, Chan has illuminated many of the things Apple doesnt want you to know about how it makes its beautiful products. She is the author or co-author of numerous journal articles and book chapters, including a heartbreaking and analytically shrewd piece about a Foxconn suicide survivor,  and is writing a book with Pun Ngai and Mark Selden, titled  Dying for an iPhone: Apple, Foxconn, and a New Generation of Chinese Workers. Chan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Social Sciences at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and was previously a Lecturer at the University of Oxford. In 2018, she became the Vice President of Communications for the International Sociological Association’s Research Committee on Labour Movements. She has also played an important role as a scholar-activist, and from  2006 to 2009 was the Chief Coordinator of Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior (SACOM) in Hong Kong, a leading labor watch organization that works to hold corporations accountable for abuses happening in their global supply chains. C.J. Pascoe Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, Dr. C.J. Pascoe is a leading scholar of gender, sexuality, and adolescence. Her work has been cited by other scholars  over 2100 times and has been widely cited in national news media. She is the author of the  groundbreaking and highly regarded book  Dude, Youre a Fag: Masculinity and Sexuality in High School, winner of the 2008 Outstanding Book Award from the American Educational Research Association. The research featured in the book is a compelling look at how both formal and informal curricula at high schools shape the development of gender and sexuality of students, and how in particular, the idealized form of masculinity boys are expected to perform is premised on the sexual and social control of girls. Pascoe is also a contributor to the book  Hanging Out, Messing Around, and Geeking Out: Kids Living  and Learning with New Media.   She is an engaged public intellectual and activist for the rights of LGBTQ youth, who has worked with organizations including Beyond Bullying: Shifting the Discourse of LGBTQ Sexuality, Youth in Schools, Born This Way Foundation, SPARK! Girls Summit, TrueChild, and the Gay/Straight Alliance Network. Pascoe is working on a new book titled Just a Teenager in Love: Young People’s Cultures of Love and Romance and is a co-founder and co-editor of the blog Social In(Queery).

Childhood Obesity on the rise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Childhood Obesity on the rise - Essay Example The cyber culture where the dream imaginations are virtualized to create the thrill made children to stick to their desks playing online and video games on computer and T.V that made them to be more addicted to their Computers wiping thoughts of venturing out in the open skyes to sweat their energy deposited in their bodies. The ready-to-eat high calorific valued food served induces more of fat and carbohydrates into the body than required. As the children lack the physical exercise to spend these calories the body weight increases rapidly. Parents in this growing mechanical culture have no time to monitor the food habits of their children. The new generation has no time to spare for preparing food for their family members in turn their inability has created a new business opportunity in the form of Ready to eat packaged food. The food items were mixed and processed with chemicals and preservatives which create adverse effects on the bodies of the children who consume the same. Ready-to-eat packaged food and snack items that were packed with high calorific contents, the average intake of these food items leads to high deposits of carbohydrates' and proteins that leads to Obese. Obesity, a per the dieticians can be an hereditary symptom which carries over to their next generation. The majority of adults in developed countries were suffering obesity which clearly indicates the negligence on their part to be fit. The unawareness of the parents with respect to fitness made them perceive the child health in the same ignorant lines which lead to child obesity. Mechanical life styles in the developed countries lacking time to concentrate on the physical fitness of the parents

Wal-Mart Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Wal-Mart - Research Paper Example For small businesses operating locally the entrance of Wal-Mart would have a series of disadvantages: at a first level, Wal-Mart could provide to consumers products that would not be available through local stores (Hill & Jones 2007). In fact, in Wal-Mart consumers would have the chance to choose among a high range of products; as a result, consumers would prefer to visit Wal-Mart, instead of local stores, for their shopping. Moreover, Wal-Mart, as a megastore, is able to keep the price of its products low (Hill & Jones 2007). The owners of local stores are often unable to decrease the price of their products/ services due to the fact that their sales are at a relatively low level, at least compared to the sales of megastores (Hill & Jones 2007). Wal-Mart has been already accused as leading many owners of small businesses to stop business activities, a fact that is related to the non-potential of these individuals to lower the price of their products (Kotler & Armstrong 2009, p.410). In other words, local businesses would be forced to close in the case of the entrance of Wal-Mart in their market; such decision would be unavoidable mostly due to the following two reasons: local stores would not be able to provide to consumers the high range of products available at Wal-Mart. Also, local stores could not offer their products at the price that Wal-Mart does. The advanced technology available at Wal-Mart could also lead to customer service of high quality, at least compared to local stores (Armstrong et al. 2009, p.380). A problem of unfair competition would possible appear in the above case. At this point, reference should made to the study of Guy (2007) where the following issue is highlighted: before allowing the establishment of a megastore in their town, the authorities of a small town would primarily check whether the structure/ design of their town allows such plan

Why I Do What I Do Essay Essay Example for Free

Why I Do What I Do Essay Essay Never forget why you do what you do and who you do it for, and make sure everything you do honors that. What I’ve seen happen often times (especially in†¦ yup, you guessed it: the education reform movement), is that intentions start out good but the sword starts to swing the other way when money, power, and statistics are valued over the lives and humanity of students. â€Å"Kids first† and â€Å"For the kids† becomes merely rhetoric, as people jump to enact radically dangerous and untested policies that do anything but put kids first. It’s even scarier when these policies are put in place by people with power and money, because then they are blinded by their power and money and fail to see all the intricate parts of the matter. This scares me, because I believe my intentions are good, and the last thing I want to happen is for what I fight for to put students at a greater disadvantage. But I know that won’t happen, as long as I make sure that everything I do for my students stems from why I do what I do. I need my vision to be clear and for that vision, story, and root of my passion to drive me. I need to stay humble and true to my roots. So why do I fight for educational justice? Well for starters, I want to be a teacher. Every time I play that â€Å"nine lives† game at conferences where in each life you can choose any career you want, high school civics and social studies teacher is written in #1-9. But why do I want to be a teacher? Is it so I can watch people’s face fill with disappointment and bewilderment when I tell them my life’s ambition? Is it so I can work 2 other jobs to pay for my first job? Is it so I can have my impact measured by my students’ test scores? Is it so I can get weekends and summers off? The answer is simple: I want to devote my life’s work to inspiring and fostering young, bright, creative, and passionate hearts and minds. The thought of crafting creative and engaging lesson plans, bringing them to life in my classroom, sharing my stories and wisdom with young minds, taking my students to places they’ve never been (both intellectually and literally on field trips and such), and watching the m grow into conscientious, open-minded, kind-hearted, passionate people excites me like no other. I’ve gotten a taste of it through working with children of all ages during my high school and early college careers, and I really cannot wait until I am finally fully trained and prepared to teach my own classroom. But why become active in educational policy and activism? Well the answer to that connects to what I want to teach and how I was taught. Let’s start with the latter. I am very lucky to have gotten the education that I got. It completely changed my life. As I’ve mentioned before in my other posts, I didn’t realize what learning was until I was exposed to a full, well-rounded curriculum that included the arts, humanities, and social justice education. Before, I depended on my high test scores to know that I was learning. Today, I know that no test score could ever reveal how much I had truly grown and learned through my education. For the first time, I was experiencing what I was learning, rather than passively regurgitating information that I barely internalized (something I’m really excellent at doing†¦ I could be a professional test taker and that’s something to be ashamed of). I was finally opening my eyes to the intricacies and complexities of our global society and the field of education, and fina lly understanding concepts like solidarity, inequality, privilege, human rights, justice, and my role in all of these things. Social studies and civics woke my mind and heart and sparked such an immense passion in me that in my spare time, I found myself delving into the issues I studied more and more, as well as becoming more involved in my local community through organizing work and volunteerism. During this time in my life was when I found my passion in education, partly because realized the magic of education through my own transformational experience, and partly because I decided to write my sophomore year research paper on standardized testing and it shattered my long-held (arrogant) faith in tests as well as everything I thought I knew about education. As time went on, I slowly developed my biggest belief: that EVERY student should receive a free, quality, democratic, and well-rounded public education, unhindered by huge class sizes, dilapidated infrastructure, terrible working/learning conditions, inadequate funding, child poverty, high stakes testing, or other broken reform policies. I believe that this is a fundamental human right and true justice. This is why I am fighting for educational justice now. My education helped me find my voice and understand the importance of standing up for justice and equality for my brothers and sisters. When I look at the current attac ks on public education, especially by a group of people I used to trust to improve education, I get this intense emotional reaction that  mirrors the kind I would get in high school every time I read about or discussed a social injustice. My insides burn, my heart races, and every inch in my body longs to get up and do something because what is happening to students, teachers, and schools today is not reform; it’s destruction. I cannot possibly stand by while countless students are literally robbed of true education by neoliberals under the guise of â€Å"innovation†, â€Å"high expectations†, and â€Å"accountability.† I cannot possibly stand by while I hear my students’ stories of feeling unheard and powerless in what should be THEIR fight for THEIR education. I cannot possibly stand by while students continue to be silenced and invisible, their humanity reduced to digits and their futures determined by people who ignorantly implement harmful policies without considering student voice. I cannot possibly stand by while people who don’t want to devote a day of their life to educating a child use their money and power to manipulate and profit from a system they destroyed in the first place (Why is there a billionaire boys club? Oh right, because poverty and economic inequity exist and are silently hurting public education). I realize that I could not care about any of this, live a very easy life, float through grad school, get my teaching credential, and just be a teacher in a high school somewhere. I’m sure the reformies would love that. But I refuse to do that. And that has as much to do with how I was taught as it does with what I want to teach. I want to teach the things that made me a more open-minded, empowered, and justice-seeking person. I want to be a high school teacher of social justice and civic engagement. I believe that true education can and should awaken the mind and heart by fostering critical thinking (mind) and a commitment to social justice (heart). Yes, learning about all the terrible injustice and oppression that has marginalized groups of people throughout history is naturally discouraging, but I feel that there is also such beauty in looking at how the marginalized have historically risen up against their oppressors and fought for the justice and freedom from oppression. W hen students engage with learning material that relates to them and their cultural histories, they are more empowered to think and learn for themselves and take action. This kind of social justice education brings not only knowledge and enlightenment, but also hope for students. Hope that they too can not only live in a better world someday, but also be the reason for that better, more just and equal world. This is what I hope to bring to students. Hope. Light. A true sense of wonder for the world and love for those living in it. Motivation to learn and turn learning into positive action. A sense of empowerment. But how can I possibly begin to teach social justice in a system with so much injustice? I fight for educational justice because I believe that I myself have the power to contribute what I can now so that by the time my future students reach my classroom, the education system will be a more just place. I believe that empowered students like myself can and will stand up for what they believe is right and demand educational rights for all. I believe that education is liberation from oppression. I know I’m going to get a lot of opposition for fighting for what I believe in. Social justice education is equally liberating and threatening to authorities that pray for compliance. But I will not comply under policies and rules that put students at a disadvantage. I will not compl y with people who wish divergent perspectives and beliefs be silenced. I will not comply until there is justice. Instead, I will continue to hope. Hope that I can not only teach in a better education system one day, but also be the reason for that better, more just and equal system. Hope to live my lessons now and one day have my lessons come alive.

The September 11 Generation :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

There has been much talk about how the events of September 11 changed everything. I don't think they changed the central urgency and relevance of what each one of us does with our life.. I think we're all being pressured by history. How many people have lost their jobs or are re-evaluating their work and lives? Those of us who are concerned about the issues of diversity, coexistence, reconciliation, conflict prevention, understanding and tolerance, peace and justice, will find our life gives us a firm ground to stand on. This is where the action is for the foreseeable and unforeseeable future. Clash of civilizations? War of the worlds? Global discord, intergroup ignorance, suspicion and fear. Many thoughful people and insitutions   were studying and addressing those questions long before September 11. Now the efficacy of tens of thousands of diversity awareness training sessions is put to the test. This is our performance review. What beneficial effect have we had in all these years? We have seen so many people rise to the challenge of the occasion. We have seen the cumulative effect of humanity shining through fire and smoke, we have heard so many people speaking about the importance of peace and understanding. Two hours on that Tuesday morning are having enormous ripple effects. What if we called this the next level of diversity awareness training? How are we debriefing it? We need to continue. It is a case study for sensitivity training, for strategic planning, for risk assessment, knowledge management, religious understanding. I can't think of an activity that is not affected. Groups may need us to convene and moderate the discussion, to provide guidelines for interaction, to be facilitators. We have numerous opportunities. We can speak about the interconnectedness of people and cultures. We can help to define patriotism in a new way. We can offer ourselves as resources in forums, classes, religious services, panels, talkshows, to provide alternative ways of thinking and acting. We can assist people to learn and teach about different cultures, religions, nationalities. What have you been doing?    In one fell swoop the importance of our work has been put into stark relief against the horizon. I hear about people who have just realized the truth of being a citizen of the world. Thinking people have been practicing this craft for many years. I think groups and institutions need us.

Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering in Plants Essay

Less tillage needed, especially with crops containing herbicide tolerance transgenes, therefore conserves fertility through minimizing soil damage through compression. |GE agriculture claims low tillage weed control: this can be achieved by ending the practice of monoculture and instead introducing proper crop rotations designed specifically to combat the weeds of the particular locality. Monoculture creates a weed paradise. | All countries face problems caused by alien species accidentally or deliberately introduced into a new environment (e.g. prickly pear in Australia). The main factor permitting this is international travel, but nobody has suggested that this should be banned. The problem of alien species is manageable, as would be the problem of genetic pollution caused by spread of seeds or pollen. As regards pollen contamination from GM varieties and the call for compensation for growers of non-GM or organic varieties whose crops are contaminated, if one is to be fair one migh t reasonably expect growers of non-GM and organic varieties to compensate growers of GM crops if they are contaminated with non-GM or organic pollen. |Genetic pollution from transgenes spreads into other organisms through pollen, seeds and microbial processes. It is fundamentally different from other forms of pollution because once the genes are out, they can’t be recalled. The best example of pollen contamination is provided by the canola seed, which was multiplied in Canada. It was officially confirmed in May 2000 that this seed was contaminated with unapproved GM canola seed and accidentally shipped to UK and other countries. By then it had been planted in Europe and large acreages of the young crop had to be destroyed. According to Advanta, the contamination occurred because of cross-pollination in Canada, where the seed was produced. The nearest source of GM contamination was 4 kilometers away.| Organic farming has long accepted accidental contamination from herbicide sp rays from neighboring farms. If there is concern about GMOs, DNA tests can be carried out.|Risks destroying organic farming, which rules out the use of GM organisms. Who will compensate organic farmers for the extra surveillance and analysis, which will be needed to ensure that the organic food chains remain free of GMOs?| The Starlink debacle is indeed a lesson that the GM food producers will learn from. Identity Preservation Systems are being put in place, verified by DNA analysis, to ensure that GM and non-GM supplies are kept separate.|The massive contamination in 2000 of the USA corn (maize) crop and human food chain by Starlink, a variety that is not approved for human consumption, shows that genetic pollution from transgenic crops to non-transgenic crops and food is inevitable. Starlink maize produces the Cry9C protein, which may be a human allergen. Two other major contaminations of ordinary seed (maize and canola seed) with GM seed have already occurred leading to emergency recalls of the product.| Reduces labor costs. |Sustainable organic agriculture creates much needed jobs in depressed rural economies.| Environmentally relatively benign herbicides are used and less of them. Opposing GM crops forces farmers to use herbicide resistant varieties which have not been made by GM such as those resistant to sulphonylurea herbicides which more readily give rise to herbicide resista nt weeds.|Promotes â€Å"agribusiness†, therefore more herbicide use. Herbicides are responsible for much illness in farm workers and contaminate drinking water.| Enhances biodiversity by allowing weeds to continue growing for longer thus providing nutrition for animals. After weed kill a mulch forms which hosts a thriving population of insects, arthropods etc.|The total herbicides used with herbicide tolerant crops kill all weeds thus reducing biodiversity in the field.| No insecticidal sprays needed on crops that have insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-toxin genes engineered into them. Plants with Bt or other insecticidal genes are likely to give rise to lower levels of mycotoxins in the final food product. Less insect damage means less opportunity for fungi to infect the plant and bring toxic substances.|As with weed control, control of insect damage is achievable with properly designed crop rotation and other forms of good husbandry such as intercropping. Healthy pl ants not imbalanced by chemical fertilizers build up their own defenses against insect attack. | GM plants are carefully tested for environmental and ecological impact, including their effects on earthworms and beneficial insects. Bt crops target only insects, which attack the crop. Future insect resistance genes will be engineered to express in leaves and stem rather than in pollen and seed. There is already evidence that the Bt gene is expressed less in Bt corn pollen than in leaves/stems therefore the risk to butterflies (e.g. Monarch) through pollen drift onto their food plants (e.g. milkweed for Monarch) is diminished. |In relation to population variance, sample sizes in lab and field tests (e.g. of earthworms) are sometimes too low to detect even large effects. Insecticidal crops containing the gene for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-toxin kill beneficial organisms such as bees, ladybirds, lacewings & butterflies (e.g. through pollen). The Bt plant remains falling to the ground are harmful to earthworms and other members of soil fauna. Bt toxins are secreted into soil from Bt plant roots and are toxic to lepidoptera in the soil (Stotzky, et al. Nature 402, 480 (1999)). The specific targeting and elimination of one insect pest has led to other pestiferous insect species moving into the ecological niche created by the disappearance of the first species. Getting rid of one problem simply created another. If Bt toxin transgenes spread to wild relatives of crop plants the wild plants may also develop resistance to insect herbivores. This could lead to the affected wild plants becoming invasive weeds.| The problem of resistance to Bt toxin and other toxins engineered into crops can be countered by planting suitably sized ‘refuges’ of a non-GM variety of the crop at suitable intervals within the crop. The interbreeding of the wild population with the Bt-exposed potentially resistant population will dilute out the genetic trait and thus prevent it building up.|Putting the Bt toxin gene in the crop exposes the pest to the toxin for longer, thus allowing natural genetic resistance to the toxin to develop in the pest. So-called refuge systems do not work, partly because breeding cycles in the differing pest populations are not synchronized. Refuges of up to 40% of the acreage are having to be recommended and this is not practical or popular for farmers. The build up of Bt toxin resistance threatens to render ineffective an insecticide long used by organic agriculture. Increased use of biopesticides in transgenic crops deprives the ecosystem of one of its natural pest controls thereby putting at risk its ability to restore equilibrium after being upset by abnormal conditions. | Helps solve the problem of world hunger by creating varieties which will make more efficient utilization of scarce land and give higher yields because of better pest resistance, nutrient utilization etc.|World hunger will not be solved by technological means. It is a problem of inequitable distribution of wealth and corrupt governments. Reduces yields (e.g. cotton, soybeans and sugar beet in some areas).| If herbicide resistance spreads to weed populations it can be combated with another herbicide with a different active ingredient. The ecological and agricultural threat of a GM plant is no more than a non-GM invasive (exotic) species such as kudzu or purple l oosestrife. Although improved crop yields can be engineered by genetically modifying plants, there is ecological concern over whether these plants are likely to persist in the wild in the event of dispersal from their cultivated habitat. The results of a long-term study of the performance of transgenic crops in natural habitats on four different crops (canola seed, potato, maize and sugar beet) which were grown in 12 different habitats and monitored over a period of 10 years show that in no case were the genetically modified plants found to be more invasive or more persistent than their conventional counterparts. (M. J. CRAWLEY, S. L. BROWN, R. S. HAILS, D. D. KOHN & M. REES. Biotechnology: Transgenic crops in natural habitats Nature 409, 682 – 683 (2001)  © Macmillan Publishers Ltd)|Enhances spread of herbicide resistance to wild weed populations because the necessary genes are in the pollen, which can then pollinate wild relatives of the crop plant. This could create â₠¬Ëœsuperweeds’ especially if ‘gene stacking’ of several different transgenes occurs. Spread of transgenes is also caused by birds, animals & machinery carrying the seed to other locations (e.g. canola seed on Ailsa Craig isle, 10 miles from Scottish mainland) Increased weediness of GM crops is already beginning to show. In 1999, in Alberta, Canada canola seed volunteers (unwanted crop plants coming up the following year) resistant to three different herbicides have been discovered. A series of chemical and DNA tests confirm the weeds in farmer Tony Huether’s field near Sexsmith are resistant to Roundup ®, Liberty ® and Pursuit ® herbicide chemicals. Invasive species of plants can remain relatively unproblematic in a region for many years and then suddenly take a hold so much so that they become an economically significant nuisance. For this reason, the ecological impact of GM crops will be difficult to predict in the long term, i.e. over several decades. | Most cultivars are unlikely to survive amongst wild plant populations and those with herbicide resistance that escape will have no advantage from the herbicide resistance trait unless that particular herbicide is used. Such volunteers can be controlled with other herbicides.|Transgenic herbicide resistant cultivars could escape into the wild and become problematic ‘volunteers’ in agriculture. These volunteers will require increased use of more toxic herbicides.| Is a sustainable agriculture, because it reduces chemical inputs as well as fuel inputs for farm machinery.|Unsustainable — based on greed not need. Helps chemical agriculture to proliferate. The only sustainable agriculture for the future is organic (including biodynamic & permaculture).| Quicker and more precise than traditional breeding.|Breeding takes place outside the proper c ontext, i.e. in the laboratory, therefore the crops are so weakened that they need to have the environment of the laboratory (soil sterilization, artificial fertilizers and pesticides) brought to them in the field. Transgenic lines are unstable and can lead to crop failures (e.g. GM cotton in USA).| A greater range of distinct disease-resistant varieties can be created so that the farmer has a wide choice and can plant a mixture of several varieties of the same crop in the same field to insure against disease attack. Disease resistance traits can be rapidly introduced to cultivars, e.g. rice, thus keeping ahead of the changing pattern of disease in a particular locality.|Because of the huge investment in GM crops, the necessarily increased emphasis on single high-yielding varieties reduces genetic diversity within the crop itself. This can lay the crop open to massive losses when disease strikes.| Novel drought and salt-tolerant cultivars can be created (important for Third World Co untries).|Sustainable organic plant breeding can develop novel varieties properly suited to a locality perfectly satisfactorily.| Any royalties or technology fees are more than compensated for by advantages including higher yields and easier, therefore less expensive, husbandry.|No seed saving by the farmer is permitted. The farmer has to pay royalties to the biotech company. This undermines a traditional agricultural practice and particularly threatens peasant farming in developing countries. GM crops add to the tendency of modern chemical agriculture to undermine the autonomy of farmers and turn them into tractor drivers or machine minders for large transnational corporations.| New varieties are tested for toxicity more than any crop plants have ever been in the past, therefore they are likely to be safer. Jimmy Clark, a professor of ruminant nutrition in Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, reviewed the results from 23 research experiments, which wer e conducted over the past four years at universities throughout the United States, Germany and France. In each study, separate groups of chickens, dairy cows, beef cattle and sheep were fed either genetically modified corn or soybeans or traditional corn or soybean as a portion of their diet. Each experiment independently confirmed that there is no significant difference in the animals’ ability to digest the genetically modified crops and no significant difference in the weight gain, milk production, milk composition, and overall health of the animals when compared to animals fed the traditional crops. Clark concluded, â€Å"Based on safety analyses required for each crop, human consumption of milk, meat and eggs produced from animals fed genetically modified crops should be as safe as products derived from animals fed conventional crops.† Clark added that approximately 70% of the genetically modified soybeans produced in the world and 80% of the genetically modified corn produced in the United States are used as animal feed. â€Å"Since these genetically modified crops were grown beginning in 1996, they have been fed to livestock and no detrimental effects have been reported,† Clark said. (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Release, Apr il 2001).|Increases herbicide residues in the food because the herbicide is applied later in the growing season and closer to harvest | The issue of spread of antibiotic resistance from GM crops containing antibiotic resistance marker genes is unproven. If it is a problem at all it is likely to be small compared with the induction of antibiotic resistance through profligate use of antibiotics in animal nutrition, veterinary and medical practice.|Spreads antibiotic resistance to microorganisms in the environment, and then to pathogenic bacteria.| More profit for the farmer, seed producer and biotech company shareholder.|No demonstrable benefit to the consumer. | Crops producing ‘nutraceuticals’ can be engineered, i.e. food additives that have a nutritional benefit bordering on a pharmaceutical benefit, e.g. modified edible oils. The vitamin content of plants can be enhanced by GM. Plants which previously did not contain a particular vitamin can now be made to produce lar ge amounts of it (e.g. Vitamin A ‘golden’ rice). The aim of the GM Vitamin A rice project is not to achieve ideal levels of vitamin A intake through this source but to augment the extremely low intakes which lead to blindness and death of hundreds of thousands of people a year (Prof. Dr. Ingo Potrykus, statement, February 2001). |In 1999, Deutsche Bank issued a report advising investors to avoid investing in GM crop technology (agribiotech). A balanced diet of fresh fruit & vegetables plus cereals and protein is all that is necessary. ‘Nutraceuticals’ are a sticking plaster (band aid) attempt to remedy fundamentally unhealthy diets. Existing food sources provide adequate daily intakes of vitamins provided they are eaten in sufficient amounts and the vitamins are not destroyed in the processing or cooking. Vitamin-enhanced GM plants are an unnecessary technical solution to a problem, which does not exist. Even with Vitamin A GM rice a normal daily intake of 300 gram of rice would, at best, provide 8% percent of the vitamin A needed daily.| The ‘killer genes’ of the technology protection system (‘terminator technology’) allows the seed producer’s intellectual property (patent) to be protected by a biological rather than litigious method.|No seed saving by the farmer is permitted. The farmer has to pay royalties to the biotech company. This undermines a traditional agricultural practice and particularly threatens peasant farming in developing countries.| The increased cho ice of modern high-yielding cultivars to farmers allows diversification to keep ahead of economic, climatic and plant disease trends.|The possibility of further globalization of crop varieties that GE offers through the introduction of traits necessary for introduction into new regions of the globe erodes cultural diversity – i.e. traditionally, different crops and varieties are grown by different cultures. Genetic engineering works towards global uniformity, i.e. globalization of Western/Northern culture. There used to be far greater choice of crop varieties for farmers, sometimes hundreds of varieties of a particular crop in a given region, but this diversity is falling at an alarming rate because of the industrialization of farming under pressure from the agrochemical industry. This will be accelerated by biotech agribusiness.| GE allows the creation of plants that produce vaccines, pharmaceuticals or enhanced pharmaceutical raw materials. |GE is already used to produce ph armaceuticals in microorganisms in the much safer containment conditions of biotechnology factories. It should not be taken out into the environment thus putting the environment at risk. In any case, much of the pharmaceutical production, which would be created, is designed to treat diseases caused by industrialization and urbanization, which could be better treated not by a genetic fix but by changing lifestyles and environment.| Novel food crops are tested for genetic stability (breeding true), ‘substantial equivalence’, nutritive properties, toxicity and allergenicity. It is well known that conventional breeding can introduce increased levels of natural plant toxins into a new variety or can modify its digestibility or nutritiousness. Furthermore, certain organic crops have been shown to have higher levels of toxic substances, e.g potatoes.|GE introduces unpredictable toxic or allergenic effects into food plants (e.g. Brazil nut gene in transgenic soybeans). ‘Substantial equivalence’ is a political-commercial concept rather than a scientific one. GM plants are not genetically stable. For instance, the number of copies of an inserted gene changes through later generations of the GM plant. | This technology is completely new to the insurance industry. It is natural that insurers will be cautious about it. However, when they realize that the risks are no worse than with introduced ali en species that are dealt with by conventional methods of weed control, the problem of insurance will disappear. No amount of research under containment conditions will reveal how a GM plant will behave when grown en masse in the open field.|As the degree of escape of genes from GM crops is unpredictable, they can’t be recalled once they have escaped and they could multiply in the wild, some insurance underwriters have stated that such risks are uninsurable. There should be a moratorium on experiments in the open until the safety of the GM plant is fully tested under containment conditions. | Plant pathogens need not be used in making GM plants. The genes can be blasted into plant cells using a ‘gene gun’, which fire microparticles of metal coated with the DNA of interest.|Plant pathogens such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens (literally ‘cancer causing’) are used to shuttle genes into plants and viral gene sequences such as cauliflower mosaic virus promo ter are used to make the genes express themselves once in the plant. The pathogens could recombine with their natural equivalents in the plant thus risking unpredictable outbreaks of plant disease.| Bioprospecting has gone on since very ancient times. There is no reason why an organism, which just happens to be at a particular location of the globe, should be in the sole ownership of the people living there. Agreements can be entered into in order to protect the traditional usages of indigenous peoples.|Steals genetic commons from peasant farmers and indigenous peoples (biopiracy by the rich North, e.g. neem tree & basmati rice).| Biopolymers can be produced in GM plants allowing the manufacture of biodegradeable plastics (e.g. PHBV, Biopol), which are also sustainable because they are not made from fossil fuels. |No comment|

Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd

BEXIMCO PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LTD Here is the management report, which you asked me to prepare.. In the process of formulating this project report I selected a PHARMACEUTICAL company,â€Å"BEXIMCO PHARMACEUTICALS† which produces world class live saving medicines in our country. I gained knowledge about managing the product & the structure from online articles and reports.Along with it, I employed the management concepts developed throughout the course to construct an effective management project to demonstrate the mentioned firm’s entire management strategies in Bangladesh. This plan is formulated with the idea of managing the all managerial activities of a large firm like BEXIMCO PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED. A special note of acknowledgement is to our course instructor Mr Shahid Hossain for letting me do this project on Beximco Pharmaceuticals .He was very generous and productive toward mewhile conducting the course and he was the person who has guided methroughout prepar ing the report. The way he taught was really interesting and effective. All of these activities have been conducted within a very short time and we think it became possible only for  his dynamism. Taking the course with him was a great fortune for me. Finally, I would like to thank myr family and friends whose support I needed to complete my project. TABLE OF CONTENTSCONTENTS PAGE NO Mission Statement 1 Executive Summary 2-3 Organogram 4 Organizational Chart 5 Situation Analysis 6-16 Swot Analysis 17-20 Matrix of Swot Analysis 21 Objectives 22 Management Issues 23 Conclusion 24 Appendix 25 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Company Website : http://www. beximcopharmaceuticals. com 2. Books : Kotler Philip (2010), Principles of Marketing (12th edition). Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. * Kritner Robert (2009). Management (11th edition). Houghton Mifflin Harcount Publishing Company. (Boston – New York). * H. Donelly (2008), Fundamental Management (10th edition). Mcgraw, Hill Irwin * William J. Nickels (2009) Understanding Business (9th edition) Mcgraw, Hill Irwin. 3. Newspaper * The Ittefaq * The Independent. * Finanacial Express 4. Personal Interview Mr. Hashem Awal Chowdhury, Senior Executive Officer,Planning 5. ANNUAL REPORT OF BPL 2011 Ltd, BPL Annual Report 2011 6. Advertisement Shantinagar billboard DOHS, Mohakhali billboard 7. Magazines Indian Times Magazine MISSION STATEMENTBeximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd (BPL) is a leading manufacturer of pharmaceutical formulations and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) in Bangladesh. With decades of contract manufacturing experience with global MNCs, skilled manpower and proven formulation capabilities, the company has been building a visible and growing presence across the continents offering high quality generics at the most affordable cost. The company is committed to enhancing human health and well- being by providing contemporary and affordable medicines, manufactured in full compliance with global standards. The compan y continually strive to improve their core capabilities Strengthening research and development capabilities, creating partnerships and building presence across the globe.To address the unmet medical needs of patients and to deliver outstanding results for our shareholders. Our vision is to be one of the most trusted, admired and successful pharmaceutical companies in the region with a focus on. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. belongs to Beximco Group, the largest private sector business conglomerate in Bangladesh. It was incorporated in the late 70s, Beximco Pharma began as a distributor, importing products from global MNCs like Bayer, Germany and Upjohn Inc. , USA and selling them in the local market, which were later manufactured and distributed under licensing arrangements. The Company introduced its own branded generic products in 1983.Since then, the journey continued, and today, Beximco Pharma is a leading manufacturer and exporter of pharmaceuticals in the coun try, winning National Export Trophy (Gold), a record four times. Beximco Pharma’s manufacturing facilities have been accredited by major Global regulatory bodies and it has expanded its geographic footprint across four continents. Having a broad portfolio of more than 500 products and a dedicated team of around 2,700 employees, Beximco Pharma is committed to provide access to medicines which are affordable and manufactured in strict compliance with global standards. During the year 2011 we have successfully registered 48 products in overseas markets.In 2011, we introduced 40 new generics in 55 presentations, five of which were launched for the first time in Bangladesh. The 55 new products include the sectors given below: * Analgesic * Anti-effective * Cardiovascular * CNS * Endocrine & Met Disorders * GI System * IV Fluid * Muscular Skeletal * Ophthalmic * Respiratory * Skin * Vitamins and Minerals * Others We maintained our record of uninterrupted growth, achieving a 21. 6% increase in sales to Tk. 7,890. 24 million (2010: Tk. 6,490. 85 million). In 2011 we significantly enhanced our prescription share in sales of the formulation products and maintained, as expected, growth in all our key therapeutic segments. Sales of our Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) also recorded a significant 37. % growth to reach Tk. 486. 91 million (2010: Tk. 355. 24 million). However, its impact on the overall profitability of the company is currently low because of a low gross margin predominantly due to the high cost of import of intermediate materials to manufacture these APIs. In 2011 export sales grew by 18. 1% to Tk. 390. 32 million (2010: Tk. 330. 54 million). Along with sales growth, Beximco Pharma also achieved a marked growth in profit in 2011. Our pre-tax profit increased 23. 2% to Tk. 1,677. 85 million (2010: Tk. 1,361. 53 million). Gross margin as percentage of sales however, slightly declined to 48% as against 48. 9% for the prior period.As the company c ontinue to evolve into a stronger company, their strategy for growth is to build a strong and diverse product portfolio; to expand our geographic reach; and to develop and leverage our generic drug capabilities. All these will drive them to build a future for our employees, to create value for shareholders and to focus on the reason for being in this business – to enhance the health and wellbeing of people. They are confident that their Company will continue to deliver strong financial results and achieve sustained growth in the coming days. Organogram Organisational Chart * Member’s name| * Designation| BOARD of DIRECTORS| |A S F Rahman| Chairman| Salman F Rahman | Vice Chairman| Nazmul Hassan MP| MD| Iqbal Ahmed| Director| Md. Abul Qasem| Director| Osman Kaiser Chowdhury| Director| A B Siddiqur Rahman| Director| Ad. Ahsanul Karim| Director| Dr. Abdul Alam Khan| Independent Director| | | Management Committee| | Nazmul Hassan MP| MD| Osman Kaiser Chowdhury| Director| R abbur Reza| Chief Operating officer| Ali Newaz| Chief financial officer| Afsar uddin Ahmed| Director, commercial| Lutfur Rahman| Director, manufacturing| Zakaria Seraj Chowdhury| Director, international marketing| A R M Zahidur Rahman| Executive Director, production| Shamim Momtaz| Executive Director, manufacturing| Md.Tahir Siddiqui| Executive Director, Quality| Jamal Ahmed Chowdhury| Executive Director, Finance and Accounting| | | Executive Committee| | Osman Kaiser Chowdhury| Director| Nazmul Hassan MP| MD| Rabbur Reza| Chief Operating officer| Ali Nawaz| Chief financial officer| Afsar Uddin Ahmed| Director, commercial| SITUATION ANALYSIS Situation analysis is a method managers use to analyze both the internal and external environments of an organization in order to understand the firm’s own capabilities, customers and business environment. INTERNAL FACTORS: Refers to the environment inside the organization within which a manager works. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT: Strategic leve l:The Board of Directors A S F Rahman Chairman Salman F Rahman Vice Chairman Nazmul Hassan MP Managing Director Iqbal Ahme Director Mohammad Abul Qasem Director Osman Kaiser Chowdhury Director Abu Bakar Siddiqur Rahman Director Advocate Ahsanul Karim Director Dr. Abdul Alim Khan Independent Director The strategic level must make sure the technical level operates within the bounds of the society.Thus the strategic level determines the long range objectives and directions for the organization- in other words, how the organization interacts with its environment. (Textbook) Technical level: Middle floor managers, Branch Managers, Factory Managers work like a connector and works in the middle. At this level, the managerial task is twofold: 1. Managing the operations functions. 1. Serving as a liaison between those who produce the product or service and those who use output. In other words, for the operations level to do its work, managers at the technical level must make sure they have t he correct materials and see that the output gets used or sold. (Textbook) Operational level:Rabbur Reza Chief Operating Officer Ali Nawaz Chief Financial Officer Afsar Uddin Ahmed Director, Commercial Lutfur Rahman Director, Manufacturing Zakaria Seraj Chowdhury Director, International Marketing A R M Zahidur Rahman Executive Director, Production Shamim Momtaz Executive Director, Manufacturing Mohd. Tahir Siddique Executive Director, Quality Jamal Ahmed Choudhury Executive Director, Accounts & Finance. In any organisations, the operations level focuses on effectively performing whatever the organization produces or does.In Beximco pharmaceuticals, the operations fuction is at the core of their business. The managerial task here is to develop the best allocation of resources that produces the desired output. (Textbook). Research & development R&D is the key to success for any pharmaceutical company. We have given it top priority and have made substantial investment in upgrading our generic drug capabilities as we firmly believe R&D plays the most important role in spurring innovation and helps a company go up the value chain. Our research and development activities are closely focused on market needs and driven by technological progress in order to create product differentiation.Our team comprising top class formulation scientists with extensive experience of working in leading pharmaceutical companies in the world continuously strives to integrate the advanced technological changes to create competitive edge and match international standards. There has been a series of positive developments in the year and our team successfully introduced 40 new generic formulations in 55 different presentations and expanded our dosage delivery portfolio with technology driven products like prefilled syringes, total parenteral nutrition, dry powder inhalers, etc. Beximco Pharma’s well defined organizational structure, policy guidelines and internal controls ensure effi ciency of operations, and compliance with applicable regulations. The Company continuously upgrades these systems in line with the best practices in the industry.Other initiatives to keep our team updated with the recent advances in analytical methodology, platform technology, and regulatory affairs include frequent in-house and overseas workshops and training programs. The benefits we derive as a result of these initiatives will only increase in the coming years. Beximco Pharma’s R&D team works meticulously towards creating generic formulations that are comparable to innovators’ formulations. Their dedication can be witnessed in their successful development of challenging formulations such as multi-layer tablets, sustained release formulations, dispersible tablets, melt-in mouth tablets, and chewable vitamins; to name just a few.To add to that, Beximco Pharma was the pioneering local generic company to produce anti-retroviral drugs and to proactively launch CFC œfree metered dose inhaler formulation. In addition, we are also developing a number of APIs to ensure availability of raw materials across the range of therapeutic classes. Our capability to produce hi-tech, specialized niche products as well as drug delivery systems has been our core strength to transform BPL into an innovation-driven generic drug company. Human Resource We recognize it is our people’s unwavering values that molded us into who we are today. It is their tireless contributions that have propelled us to greater heights over the years. They are indeed our greatest assets in the way they create meaningful difference.Every product, every experience, and every breakthrough we ever presented for the betterment of human health and well-being have been made possible by our people. We are prouder than ever of the collective intentions and determination we have witnessed time and time again. The shared vision and values, reflected in our leadership and execution, help us attract the very best. Currently, the Company employs almost 2,700 people including around 400 white-collar professionals such as Pharmacists, MBAs, Doctors, Chemists, Engineers, Microbiologists etc. In 2011, we welcomed into the Beximco Pharma family highly experienced expatriates in key positions to deliver a fresh take on strategic direction as we steadily progress towards our aspirations of becoming a global pharmaceutical company.We are strong advocates of the notion that learning never really ends simply with the completion of formal education. One of the best perks of being a part of the Beximco Pharma family is that the people undergo continuous training and development programs to further develop their skills. In 2011 alone, over 30 such workshops and training, covering various departments, were conducted. Within Beximco Pharma, we support employees interested in reaching out to others. In 2011, we launched our very own internal Knowledge Center as a platform for continu ous learning and interconnectivity; an initiative that is stills quite a novel concept in Bangladesh.However, we know that competence alone is not enough; it is them intricate threads of connectivity, binding us as one family, which makes our organizational culture truly coveted and one of a kind. We have also undertaken a major corporate branding initiative as a reflection of our rejuvenated drive and aspirations. Financial Position We maintained our record of uninterrupted growth, achieving a 21. 6% increase in sales to Tk. 7,890. 24 million (2010: Tk. 6,490. 85 million). In 2011 we significantly enhanced our prescription share in sales of the formulation products and maintained, as expected, growth in all our key therapeutic segments. Sales of our Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) also recorded a significant 37. % growth to reach Tk. 486. 91 million (2010: Tk. 355. 24 million). However, its impact on the overall profitability of the company is currently low because of a lo w gross margin predominantly due to the high cost of import of intermediate materials to manufacture these APIs. In 2011 export sales grew by 18. 1% to Tk. 390. 32 million (2010: Tk. 330. 54 million). Along with sales growth, Beximco Pharma also achieved a marked growth in profit in 2011. Our pre-tax profit increased 23. 2% to Tk. 1,677. 85 million (2010: Tk. 1,361. 53 million). Gross margin as percentage of sales however, slightly declined to 48% as against 48. 9% for the prior period.This was due principally to depreciation in the value of the Taka against the Dollar and the high level of domestic inflation. However, with our constant drive to contain costs and effective profit optimization strategies, the negative impact of rising cost on profit has been kept to the practicable minimum. The Board of Directors has recommended 21% stock dividend for approval of the shareholders for the year ended 31 December, 2011. Technological Advancement Beximco Pharma has always been a pioneer in adopting innovative technologies. This brings both sophistication and the potential to sustain growth to our business. Over the past couple of years we have made considerable nvestments in facilities and processes to improve productivity, drive growth and achieve excellence in operations. Situated near Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, our manufacturing site extends over an area of 23 acres. The site houses manufacturing facilities for producing various drug formulae in different strengths and delivery systems such as capsules, tablets, intravenous fluids, metered dose inhalers, ophthalmic drops, injectables and nebulizer solutions. The site has its own utility infrastructure to ensure adequate generation and distribution of electricity with an installed capacity of 10 MW, in addition to water purifying and liquid nitrogen generation facilities.The bulk drug unit for producing paracetamol is also located within this site. The Company’s penicillin API and formulation u nits are situated at Kaliakoir, a few kms from the main site. The company has diversified into innovative delivery systems such as dry powder inhalers, total parenteral nutrition, prefilled syringes and lyophilized products. * Oral Solid Dosage * Metered Dose Inhaler * Intravenous Fluid * Inject able, Ophthalmic and Nebulizer * Liquid, Cream and Ointment Val EXTERNAL FACTORS These are the forces that act on the organization from outside. DIRECT FORCESThese are the forces that have direct and immediate influence on the organization. CUSTOMERSWe offer our customers a comprehensive and high-quality product portfolio encompassing all major therapeutic categories, available in various dosage forms including tablets, capsules, syrup, suspension, sterile eye drops, injectables, nasal sprays, creams, ointments, suppositories, IV fluids, metered dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, prefilled syringes etc. Over the years, we have nurtured and developed a special bondage with the medical commun ity. We stand by healthcare providers and appreciate their valiant services to the community at large. COMPETITOTORS Square Pharma Reneta GlaxoSmith Klein’ ACI Limited Eskayef Bangladesh Limited The ACME Laboratories Limited EDCL Aristropharma Limited Orion Pharmaceuticals limited Indirect Forces * Political Analysis: Political analysis creates a great impact on business growth.The Beximco Pharmaceuticals is an established company, it gets many positive support of Bangladesh government, which enables it to advance its product. In addition it suffers many political unexpected conditions, like- political instability, and high risk investment, high rate of tax, high barriers of rules and regulation and so on. Because of strikes, obstruction and any other political issues, it noses a lot. But now they adopt with rules of exporting, producing, importing and so on. They use BCP (Business Continuation Plan) to fight against any critical political issues. [ Documentary,Newspaper] * E conomic Analysis: In economy, the biggest threat for â€Å" Beximco Pharmaceuticals† would be economic recession.During the recession, the Beximco’s growth will be adversely affected. Because of the high interest rate, inflation rate and economic downturn it’s growth is not just affected by the local economy but also in the international economy. * * Social Analysis:†Beximco Pharmaceuticals â€Å" has performed many social activities, to improve the company image. To reach the goal, the group implements the local job creation program as well as health and education program Corporate Social Responsibility: Our vision is to make significant contribution to humanity by improving health. This vision guides our Company’s operations, including its commitment to corporate responsibility.We work together with non-profit organizations who work to improve people's lives through research, information, and advocacy. As the Company writes its success story as a n emerging leader in the pharmaceutical industry, we also realize that responsibility towards all our stakeholders increases in tandem. We remain committed to being a good corporate citizen. Prevention is the best cure and the first step is to create awareness. Every year, we launch campaigns touching on different forms of heath impediments ranging from asthma, diabetes, hypertension and many more. Campaign activities include rallies in addition to organizing and sponsoring scientific seminars and conferences for various associations and societies in medical disciplines. ANNUAL REPORT CultureCulture is a very complex environmental influence, encompassing knowledge, beliefs, values, laws, morals, customs and other habits and capabilities an individual acquires as a member of society. As BEXIMCO is a global MNC, management must adapt its managerial practices to the specific and unique aspects of culture. Most of the time they follow formal ways to control the employees, and get their full potentiality. They also follow the profit oriented by doing more customer service and social responsibilities. SWOT ANALYSIS: Strength: Diversification The strength of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. lies in its diversified products and dosage forms.BPL has been producing solid products like tablets and capsules and liquid products like syrup, suspension and solution, as well as semisolid products like cream and ointment. It is   the pioneer company to manufacture and market nasal sprays, inhalation aerosols and suppositories in Bangladesh. In 2001, Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. stepped into a new path–bringing SmallVolume Parenteral(SVP) or injectable dosage form. Arixon is it’s first small volume injectable product It is a preparation of Ceftriaxone, which is considered as a breakthrough antibiotic in the history of medicine, . In 2002, Arixon is predicted to be one of our leading brands interms of sales revenue.The company has lot of diversified products like, Na pa: Neoceptin R: Neofloxin: Tycil : Aristovit M etc. Achivement of National Export Trophy First export market operation with finished pharmaceutical products1994-95 : Achievement of National Export Trophy (Gold) as the first pharmaceutical company of the country. R ; D B P L is a company that is continuously searching for the next treatment advancements. BPL’s portfolio features a range of high-quality, effective products. This product portfolio, combined with the steady stream of promising new products in development, is one of the many reasons BPL is among the nation's leading pharmaceutical companies. We have introduced 26 new products in 2001.Around 70 new products are in our development pipeline. They will obviously enrich our portfolio to employment of the employees so that they can cope with the rapidly changing business environment. Innovation is a major priority that we want to promote. Accordingly, training programs are regularly undertaken for the staff to seek opp ortunities for skills improvement. Weakness: Too many departments There are too many departments under the supervision of the gm which can cause low productivity due to large span of supervision. Diseconomy of scale: If the company exceeds the optimum size there would be diseconomies of sale. Availability of substitutes Availability of very close substitute goods.For example: medicine produced by other pharmaceutical companies Opportunities: Adding new products BPL always tried to add new products of different therapeutic classes in its portfolio and these products are highly appreciated by the health professionals. Most important of them are Triocim, Arixon, Prosan, Recox, Atova etc. Introduction of these new products enriched it’s product portfolio and is contributing to enhance it’s sales. Apart from all these, we have intensified and consolidated our marketing efforts another overseas markets, like Myanmar, Kenya, Yemen and Vietnam. To capitalize immense opportunit ies in these overseas markets, we are bringing in more new and exciting brands in these markets.Last year, BP donated one ‘Medical Information K i o s k’ to the Myanmar Medical Association of Mandalay which gained enormous attention and acceptance in the minds of the medical community of Mayanmar. In Kenya, number of salespeople has been increased to best exploit its huge market potentials. All these efforts are already bringing in desired results. Entering into new horizons and establishing new overseas markets will remain our top most priority in 2002 also. Russia, Ukraine, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Nepal will be on the list. We are confident that our process of globalization will continue with a more and more accelerated speed in the coming days. TechnologyTechnology carries the promise of tomorrow. The benefits of technology belong to all of us benefits that create new opportunities and open doors toa better life. For example, the new inhaler plant of BPL has been design in a way to ensure highest-possible quality at every stage of manufacturing and quality control. World-class facilities are being employed in each and every step including mixing, filling, testing, labeling, batch printing and other procedures to ensure manufacturing of world class products. Threats: Supply cost effective materiaals BPL has a commitment to the society to supply world class Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs).Therefore, BPL is not only engaged in formulations but also in fine chemicals business with a view to supplying cost effective quality materials to other local companies as well as for captive consumption. Competition Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. has been preparing itself for the post-WTO open market competition. It has all the courage to compete with world leaders in pharmaceuticals business when the tariff and non-tariff barriers will be withdrawn The new USFDA standard plant is planned to be operational in early 2003. Once completed, this will be one of the finest facilities available anywhere in the globe. OBJECTIVES Increase rate of purchase by existing customers by 10 percent by the year end. Strategy Such a strategy may involve devising a marketing plan to encourage customers to purchase more of a product.Tactics used to carry out the strategy could include price reductions, advertising stressing the many benefits of the product, packaging the product in different sized packages or making the product available at more locations. Design additional features into product that will induce new uses by existing buyers Strategy This strategy include much more than simply getting the product to the new market. Before considering sales techniques such as packaging and promotion. Company often find they must establish a foothold. MANAGEMENT ISSUES Centralization Centralization refers to the location of decision making authority in the hierarchy of the organization.The upper level managers in the organization make all the significant dec ision and managers at all levels can command their subordinates to undertake legitimate work related activities. The idea of centralization can be difficult to grasp in a particular organization for several reasons. People in the in an organization can have different decision making authority. Moreover, all decisions are not of equal importance in organization. Thus subjectively they do not have authority but objectively they have authority. Matrix Organization The matrix organization structure attempts to maximize the strengths and minimize the weakness of both functional and product bases.Matrix organization structure achieved the desired balance by superimposing or overlaying a horizontal structure of authority, influence and communication on the vertical structure. Matrix organization facilitates the utilization of highly specialized staff and equipment. CONCLUSION This is Beximco Pharmaceutical’s firm as a whole. I have discussed the mission, executive summary, organizat ional structure, situation analysis, swot analysis, objectives and management issues of the company. I have also given some important data regarding this company. I hope you can have the clear picture of Beximco Pharmaceuticals company at a glance. APPENDIX Appendix are given after this page

September 11 essays

September 11 essays One day in a persons life is not supposed to change anything, but on September 11, 2001, the whole world changed. Now, people dont look through just one eye, they open both eyes and look through both, not knowing when a horrific event like this will happen again. I know that I will never be the same person that I was now that something so terrible happened. I know, the world wont be the same after something like this happening, and the people who did this to us wont be the same either because there will be a lot of changes for them in the long run. There are a few reasons why this time affected me and bothered me; one reason is that I knew two people who were victims of this horrible event. One of the men I knew lived on my block and I will never forget the first Christmas that we spent on the block. He came to our front door in a Santa Claus outfit and gave us presents, and since that day we would become great friends with their family. My brother became very good friends with his son. Once we found out that the boys father was missing, I was in shock and my family was in shock. We just couldnt believe that something like this would happen to him or any of the people that were there and in those two buildings. We spoke with the wife a couple times and tried to help out as much as we could, but we couldnt help bring her husband back and our good friend. Mr. McGinley will be remembered for always having a smile on his face and for always trying to make you laugh when you were down. He was the true meaning of an Americ an. The second man I knew was a father of one of the kids on the Freshman Football Team. I knew the boy only from school and some classes that I had with him. He is a great kid with a great personality, and nothing like this should have ever affected him and his family. I only met his Dad a couple times but both of the times that I met him, he was a real gentleman ...

Battle of Empress Augusta Bay in World War II

Battle of Empress Augusta Bay in World War II Battle of Empress Augusta Bay- Conflict Date: The Battle of Empress Augusta Bay was fought November 1-2, 1943, during World War II (1939-1945).    Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Fleets Commanders: Allies Rear Admiral Aaron Tip MerrillCaptain Arleigh Burke4 light cruisers, 8 destroyers Japan Rear Admiral Sentaro Omori2 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers, 6 destroyers Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Background: In August 1942, having checked Japanese advances at the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway, Allied forces moved to the offensive and initiated the Battle of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.   Engaged in a protracted struggle for the island, numerous naval actions, such as Savo Island, Eastern Solomons, Santa Cruz, Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, and Tassafaronga were fought as each side sought the upper hand.   Finally achieving victory in February 1943, Allied forces began moving up the Solomons towards the large Japanese base at Rabaul.   Situated on New Britain, Rabaul was the focus of a larger Allied strategy, dubbed Operation Cartwheel, which was designed to isolate and eliminate the threat posed by the base.   As part of Cartwheel, Allied forces landed at Empress Augusta Bay on Bougainville on November 1.   Though the Japanese had a large presence on Bougainville, the landings met little resistance as the garrison was centered elsewhere on the island.   It was the intention of the Allies to establish a beachhead and construct an airfield with which to threaten Rabaul.   Understanding the danger posed by the enemy landings,  Vice Admiral Baron Tomoshige Samejima, commanding the 8th Fleet at Rabaul, with the support of Admiral Mineichi Koga, Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet, ordered Rear Admiral Sentaro Omori to take a force south to attack the transports off Bougainville. Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - The Japanese Sail: Departing Rabaul at 5:00 PM on November 1, Omori possessed the heavy cruisers Myoko and Haguro, the light cruisers Agano and Sendai, and six destroyers.   As part of his mission, he was to rendezvous with and escort five transports carrying reinforcements to Bougainville.   Meeting at 8:30 PM, this combined force then was compelled to evade a submarine before being attacked by single American aircraft.   Believing that the transports were too slow and vulnerable, Omori ordered them back and accelerated with his warships towards Empress Augusta Bay.   To the south,  Rear Admiral Aaron Tip Merrills Task Force 39, consisting of Cruiser Division 12 (light cruisers USS  Montpelier, USS Cleveland, USS Columbia, and USS Denver) as well as Captain Arleigh Burkes Destroyer Divisions 45 (USS  Charles Ausburne, USS Dyson, USS Stanley, and USS Claxton) and 46 (USS Spence, USS Thatcher, USS Converse, and USS Foote) received word of the Japanese approach and departed their anchorage near Vella Lavella.   Reaching Empress Augusta Bay, Merrill found that the transports had already been withdrawn and began patrolling in anticipation of the Japanese attack. Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Fighting Begins: Approaching from the northwest, Omoris ships moved in cruising formation with the heavy cruisers in the center and the light cruisers and destroyers on the flanks.   At 1:30 AM on November 2, Haguro sustained a bomb hit which reduced its speed.   Forced to slow to accommodate the damaged heavy cruiser, Omori continued his advance.   A short time later, a floatplane from Haguro inaccurately reported spotting one cruiser and three destroyers and then that the transports were still unloading at Empress Augusta Bay.   At 2:27 AM, Omoris ships appeared on Merrills radar and the American commander directed DesDiv 45 to make a torpedo attack.   Advancing, Burkes vessels fired their torpedoes.   At approximately the same time, the destroyer division led by Sendai also launched torpedoes. Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Melee in the Dark: Maneuvering to avoid DesDiv 45s torpedoes, Sendai and the destroyers Shigure, Samidare, and Shiratsuyu turned towards Omoris heavy cruisers disrupting the Japanese formation.   Around this time, Merrill directed DesDiv 46 to strike.   In advancing, Foote became separated from the rest of the division.   Realizing that the torpedo attacks had failed, Merrill opened fire at 2:46 AM.   These early volleys severely damaged Sendai and caused Samidare and Shiratsuyu to collide.   Pressing the attack, DesDiv 45 moved against the northern end of Omoris force while DesDiv 46 struck the center.   Merrills cruisers spread their fire across the entirety of the enemy formation.   Attempting to steer between the cruisers, the destroyer Hatsukaze was rammed by Myoko and lost its bow.   The collision also caused damage to the cruiser which quickly came under American fire.    Hampered by ineffective radar systems, the Japanese returned fire and mounted additional torpedo attacks.   As Merrills ships maneuvered, Spence and Thatcher bumped but sustained little damage while Foote took a torpedo hit that blew off the destroyers stern.   Around 3:20 AM, having illuminated part of the American force with star shells and flares, Omoris ships began to score hits.   Denver sustained three 8 hits though all of the shells failed to explode.   Recognizing that the Japanese were having some success, Merrill laid a smoke screen which badly limited the enemys visibility.   Meanwhile,   DesDiv 46 focused their efforts on the stricken Sendai.    At 3:37 AM, Omori, wrongly believing that he had sunk an American heavy cruiser but that four more remained, elected to withdraw.   This decision was reinforced by concerns about being caught in daylight by Allied aircraft during the voyage back to Rabaul.   Firing a final salvo of torpedoes at 3:40 AM, his ships turned for home.   Finishing off Sendai, the American destroyers joined the cruisers in pursuing the enemy.   Around 5:10 AM, they engaged and sank the badly damaged Hatsukaze which was straggling behind Omoris force.   Breaking off the pursuit at dawn, Merrill returned to aid the damaged Foote before assuming a position off the landing beaches.    Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Aftermath: In the fighting at the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, Omori lost a light cruiser and destroyer as well as had a heavy cruiser, light cruiser, and two destroyers damaged.   Casualties were estimated at 198 to 658 killed.   Merrills TF 39 sustained minor damage to Denver, Spence, and  Thatcher while Foote was crippled.   Later repaired, Foote returned to action in 1944.   American losses totaled 19 killed.   The victory at Empress Augusta Bay secured the landing beaches while a large-scale raid on Rabaul on November 5, which included the air groups from USS Saratoga (CV-3) and USS Princeton (CVL-23), greatly reduced the threat posed by Japanese naval forces.   Later in the month, the focus shifted northeast to the Gilbert Islands where American forces landed Tarawa and Makin. Selected Sources: World War II Database: Battle of Empress Augusta BayBattle of Empress Augusta Bay - Order of BattleHistory of War: Battle of Empress Augusta Bay

Traditional Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Traditional Media - Essay Example For example, articles written by well known columnists have been posted. These articles require subscription prior to viewing. The idea has received a very positive response from readers meaning that advertisements placed on those articles can also be viewed through these subscriptions. In the United States, research has shown that close to ten million homes have digital video recorders. This means that these people can be able to send and receive images via the net. Companies using this mode of advertising will also be favoured because most people relate to it. It has been estimate that this number will increase by threefold within the next five years. Such statistics from the US give n indication of what is to follow in other developed countries including the United Kingdom. It was also shown that print advertisements have reduced in terms of the kind of profits they generate. Currently they bring sixty six percent of earnings for Companies engaging in advertisement. The remaining percentage has gone to internet advertising. And judging by the looks of things, these percentages are most likely going to increase with time. Online advertising has caused the decline of use of traditional media because there are some advantages it offers that are exclusive to that form of advertising. (Kilter, 2006) The first is that it is now possible to track sales that come from the use of online advertising. In other words, Complies can be able to monitor the effect of their efforts and quantify them. This is because it is very easy to measure the number of people that visit/click through a certain website containing advertising information and it is also easy to track the lead that followed a click on an online... This essay mentiones that economy of the internet continues to increase robustly thesed days. Many companies both new and well established continue getting profits through internet advertising. The researcher provides an analysis of the topic and sums up that internet advertising still has a big market which has not been tapped. As Hoffman & Novak points out, its effects on industrial economy may be compared to what happened when the world shifted from agricultural to industrialisation in the 17th century. Since customers today want more information about a company and their services before buying its products or services then this mode of advertising is quite ideal. However, there are a number of reasons why traditional media was and still is being used by Companies. If it is impossible to get consent from the respective Companies, then another form of research shall be carried out. This does not undermine the importance of web advertising. All these reasons were examined in the sub sequent sections of the essay. The researcher concluds that Internet advertising for businesses has advanced into different sectors over recent years. It is also concluded that one of the most popular feature for this form of advertising today, is that it can offer a simple yet effective way of measuring returns on investments. It is considered that the internet has taken advertising to higher heights in today's business market and this was proved through the many research findings, that were conducted and presented in this essay.